Energy plays a pivotal role in global economic development and social progress. The soaring energy prices of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas and the climate disaster caused by global climate change are forcing people to look for renewable energy. Due to advances in technology, the commercialization prospects of the solar industry are promising. In the next 10 or even 50 years, the annual growth rate of the solar industry will be as high as 30-40%.
The solar industry is a huge industry including solar thermal and photovoltaic. American scientist Travis Bradford’s book, The Sun Revolution, predicts that solar energy will become the most efficient and cheapest alternative energy source in the next 20 years, and prices will fall by half in 10 years. After the year, it fell by 75%. 2007 is a year of rapid development of China's solar photovoltaic industry. Benefiting from the long-term benefits of the solar industry, the entire photovoltaic industry has seen an unprecedented investment boom. As of July last year, 10 Chinese PV companies have been listed overseas, with an average IPO financing of US$197.7 million. In 2008, the solar industry entered a golden period. In terms of technological progress, following the rapid development of polysilicon technology, recently, the world's leading photovoltaic company Changzhou Trina Solar announced that it has reached a cooperation agreement with LisaAirplanes (LisaAirplanes) to jointly develop a new energy-powered aircraft. The aircraft will be the world's first innovative aircraft powered by solar and hydrogen.
The current status of China's solar photovoltaic industry
The photovoltaic industry is one of the fastest growing energy industries in the world. With the support of governments, the photovoltaic power generation industry has developed rapidly since the 1980s. The average annual growth rate of the photovoltaic power generation industry in the past 10 years is 30%, and the average annual growth rate in the past five years is 40%.
The development of China's photovoltaic industry has gone through the following stages:
The first stage (mid 1958-80s): the embryonic stage. China began researching photovoltaic cells in 1958, during which researchers conducted a large number of scientific research experiments and paid hard work.
In 1971, photovoltaic cells were successfully applied to the Dongfanghong-2 satellite launched by China for the first time. From then on, the application history of solar cells in space in China began. In the same year, solar cells were first applied to the harbor buoy lights, and the history of solar cell ground applications in China began. China's photovoltaic industry was still in its infancy before the 1980s. The annual output of solar cells has been hovering below 10KW, and the price is very expensive.
Due to price and production constraints, the market is developing very slowly. In addition to being a satellite power source, solar cells on the ground are only used for low-power power systems, such as beacon lights, railway signal systems, instrumentation and electricity fences in alpine weather stations. , black light, DC fluorescent lamps, etc., the power is generally between a few watts and tens of watts.
The second stage (early 80s - mid 80s) germination period. Driven by the world's solar photovoltaic industry, from 1979 to the mid-1980s, some semiconductor device factories in China, such as Yunnan, Ningbo, Kaifeng and some of the device factories in Beijing, began to use the waste semiconductor silicon and semiconductor devices in the semiconductor industry. To produce monocrystalline silicon solar cells, China's photovoltaic industry has entered a period of germination.
The third stage (the mid-to-late 1980s - the mid-1990s) was a period of stable development. During this period, Ningbo Solar Battery Factory and Kaifeng Solar Battery Factory introduced key equipment from abroad, Yunnan Semiconductor Factory, Qinhuangdao Huamei Factory and Shenzhen Daming Factory introduced complete sets of monocrystalline silicon cells and component production equipment. Harbin-Cola and Shenzhen Yukang Plant introduced non- The crystal silicon battery production line has made the total production capacity of China's photovoltaic cells/components reach 4.5MW, and China's photovoltaic industry has taken initial shape. In the mid-1990s, China's photovoltaic industry was in a period of stable development, and the production volume increased steadily year by year.
During the period of June 5th and 7th, the state began to support the development of the photovoltaic industry and the photovoltaic market. The central and local governments have invested a certain amount of money in the photovoltaic field, which has strengthened the very weak solar cell industry in China and in many application fields. Demonstrations have been established, such as microwave relay stations, force communication systems, cathodic protection systems for sluice and oil pipelines, rural carrier telephone systems, small household systems, and village power supply systems.
At the same time, during the period of the Seventh Five-Year Plan, China has introduced a number of solar cell production lines from abroad. Except for a 1MW amorphous silicon battery production line, all other monocrystalline silicon battery production lines have increased the production capacity of solar cells in China to 4.5. MWp/year, the price has also dropped from 80 yuan/Wp in the early 7th Five-Year to 40 yuan/Wp.
The fourth stage (mid-to-late 1990s), rapid development period. At the end of the 1990s, China's photovoltaic industry developed rapidly, equipment was continuously updated, and some component packaging factories were established everywhere. The production capacity and actual production volume increased rapidly. In 1998, Changzhou Trina Solar Energy Co., Ltd. was established. The products cover the installation of silicon rods, silicon wafers, batteries and high-quality components. It is one of the few PV manufacturers with relatively complete industrial chain in the world. Wuxi Suntech built a 10MW polysilicon battery production line at the end of 2002, which greatly increased the production capacity in the year. By the end of 2003, the total production capacity of China's photovoltaic industry reached 38MW, including 35MW for crystalline silicon cells/components and 3MW for amorphous silicon cells. In addition, Ningbo Zhongyi Company and Baoding Yingli built 2MW and 6MW polysilicon ingot and wafer production lines respectively in the Ninth Five-Year Plan. In 2003, the actual production capacity of solar cells/components in China reached 13MW (including amorphous silicon 3MW), most of which were exported.
After the 1990s, with the initial formation and cost reduction of China's photovoltaic industry, the application field began to develop into industrial fields and rural electrification applications, and the market expanded steadily, and was included in national and local government plans, such as Tibet Sunshine Project, Guangming Project, Tibet Ali photovoltaic project, optical fiber communication power supply, oil pipeline cathodic protection, village radio and television, large-scale promotion of rural household photovoltaic power system. In the 21st century, especially in the past three years, the power transmission to the township project, the state invested 2 billion, installed 20MW, solved the problem of electricity consumption in 800 non-electric towns and towns in China, and promoted the rapid and substantial growth of China's photovoltaic market.
At the same time, the grid-connected power generation demonstration project began to develop rapidly, from 5kW, 10kW to more than 100kW. In 2004, the 1MW grid-connected power generation project of Shenzhen World Expo Park became the highlight of China's photovoltaic application field. By the end of 2004, the total installed capacity of China's photovoltaic system was about 65MW.
In Shenzhen, Shantou, Guangzhou and Zhejiang, a large number of solar garden lights are exported, with annual sales of 500 million. The battery for the garden light is usually imported and then packaged with glue, and the process is simple. The number of cells used is as high as 6 MW per year, which is a major factor in solar cell applications (this part is not included in the statistics).
China has formed a high-level, large-scale, specialized international PV industry cluster.
In 2007, China's solar cell production was 821 MWp, accounting for 22% of the world's total output. For the first time, it surpassed Germany and ranked second in the world. It made outstanding contributions to the global development and utilization of renewable energy and achieved energy conservation and emission reduction targets.
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