Compared with traditional light sources, LED lighting is based on the new way of semiconductor solid-state lighting (SSL). LED products have many different parameters, and the following parameter relationships need to be properly mastered.
First, luminous efficiency and luminous flux
The luminous efficacy and luminous flux of traditional light sources do not change much, such as fluorescent lamps. If the power of the light source is determined, the luminous efficacy and lumens will not change much, and the LED light source will be different.
For example, the light flux of the lamp in the 5730 package is 50 lumens, when the current is given 150mA.
Vf=3.0-3.2v, the power of the LED is 0.45-0.48 watts, and the luminous efficiency is 111.11-104.17 lm/w.
Vf=3.3-3.5v, the power of the LED is 0.495-0.525 watts, and the luminous efficiency is 101.01-95.24 lm/w.
It can be seen that under the same driving current, the luminous efficiency of the lamp bead is greatly deviated due to the different junction voltage of the LED, and high lumens are not meant to be high-efficiency products. LED lighting products, high light efficiency is the main energy-saving indicator, the relationship between driving current and light efficiency is shown in the figure below. It can be seen from the figure that the luminous efficiency of LED light source products can be controlled.
Second, color temperature and Bronx curve
The color temperature of incandescent lamps and energy-saving lamps is easy to be consistent in batch products. Due to the characteristics of its manufacturing process, the color temperature deviation of each batch of products in the package is very large, and the color temperature of the LED light source is expressed by the correlated color temperature (CCT). This means that there is a tolerance (Δuv) problem in the color space. This is a disadvantage of LED as a light source. The inconsistency of color temperature has always plagued LED lighting products manufacturers. The color temperature problem is also the same as the color temperature value test, but the light color is different. This is called the same temperature, and the light color is the same but the tested color temperature values ​​are different. This is called the same color temperature, the lower the color temperature, the more the same temperature and the same color temperature, the CIE1931 chromaticity diagram can be seen from below. See this problem.
For example, the light color of QM and QP of 3400K will be very different, and the difference between QO and PO light color will be lower than that of the former. Therefore, when choosing the color temperature of LED, it needs to be carefully measured. Usually the color difference can be distinguished by human eyes. Scientific The method is to determine the color temperature by spectral quantitative analysis. Here is a recommended method, which is to use a color temperature zone near the Bronx curve (the red line in the above figure) to avoid the homochromatic color. The color difference is one of the LED light sources. Technical control capability issues, high-quality lighting products, color control of different batches is relatively better, color temperature and color difference of inferior products will vary greatly, and it is easy to be complained by customers.
To solve the color temperature problem, color matching can be adopted. The color matching needs to be carried out with professional technology. If the lamp has a diffusion cover, the color temperature control will be easier. When the color temperature of the product is strict, the COB package is also a good choice.
Third, color rendering and standards
The use of color rendering index (CRI) to measure the color rendering of LED has been controversial. At present, only the standard specification can be followed. For high color temperature LED light source, the average color rendering index Ra75 does not mean that its color rendering effect is worse than Ra80. The scientific evaluation of chromaticity is a complicated technical problem. There is no excessive discussion here. For the operators of LED lighting products, the products that pay too much attention to Ra 80 will be expensive. The products are sold on the e-commerce platform, and the customers are very sensitive to the price. The operator can ask the manufacturer for a spectral analysis report of the LED light source. If the color coordinate of the test report (XY value @CIE1931) falls near the Bronx curve, the color rendering of this product can be expected. High color rendering is the best value to bring price war back to lighting quality. Operators need to learn to use this indicator to guide consumers back to life with quality lighting.
Fourth, consistency issues
The consistency of LED lighting products mainly includes the following aspects:
1) Power consistency, under constant current drive, the power is reduced as the lighting time increases after the lamp is turned on. This phenomenon is normal. For a drive with a large deviation of constant current accuracy, the power value will vary with the input voltage. And change. Inconsistent power does not mean that there is a problem with quality.
2) The consistency of color temperature, this inconsistency can be passed as long as the human eye can pass. After all, the color temperature control of LED lighting products has always been a problem, and the problem of low-priced products will be very serious.
3) The consistency of light efficiency will lead to differences in luminous flux. High-quality products will be well controlled, but the consistency of light efficiency cannot be judged to be inferior products. High luminous efficiency does not mean high lumens, and often high-efficiency products. The power is also low, and the light efficiency is the main indicator for measuring the energy-saving effect. For users of LED light sources and lamps, light efficiency is the first indicator of concern.
Compared with traditional light sources, the consistency of LED products is not too good. After all, LED light sources are composed of multiple point sources, and the sluice fluid effect of the manufacturing process will always exist.
Fifth, temperature and life
The traditional light source is not sensitive to temperature, and the LED light source is a product with a common fate. The ambient temperature and working temperature of the product directly determine the life of the product. The semiconductor device is temperature dependent. From this perspective, the life of the driving power source is also determined by The temperature is determined, so the life of the LED lighting product depends on the temperature control. This temperature includes two aspects, one is the temperature of the working environment, the higher the ambient temperature, the lower the product life, and the other is the heat dissipation capability of the lighting product itself. The better the heat dissipation capacity, the longer the product life. However, when a product with high heat dissipation capacity is placed in a place with high ambient temperature, the life of the product is also low. The product operator needs to know the temperature of the working environment of the customer to make it reasonable. The warranty period, otherwise, high-quality product after-sales service will reduce the credit of your e-commerce platform, the temperature and life of LED lighting source is an inherent problem of semiconductor solid-state light source.
Sixth, the efficiency of the drive power
Many products are marked with light source efficacy, often ignoring the efficiency of the driving power supply. Power efficiency is the ratio of the power output power to the power input power. In simple terms, it is the power loss of the power supply itself, the internal loss of the power supply is low, and the power efficiency is low. High, low power supply, long power supply life, power efficiency should distinguish between isolated drive and non-isolated drive. The efficiency of non-isolated drive power is high, generally above 90%, the efficiency of isolated drive power is generally around 80%, however, isolated drive The safety performance of the power supply is high, and the price is more than double that of the non-isolated power supply. The efficiency of the driving power supply is a problem worthy of attention, and the efficiency of the driving power supply affects the life of the product.
Seven, the importance of lighting efficiency
Lamp efficiency is an important indicator of international lighting products. It is the main parameter for measuring the cost performance of lighting products. The lamp efficiency is the loss rate of the luminous flux of the light source. The more luminous flux the lamp loses, the lower the efficiency of the lamp, the different lamps. The efficiency is different, the luminaire efficiency is between 50% and 90%. A light source with a luminous flux of 1000 lumens is placed in a luminaire with a luminous efficiency of 50%. Only 500 lumens of light output, the luminaire efficiency will reduce the high luminous efficiency of the LED light source. In the same level as the energy-saving lighting effect, the luminaire efficiency is the final indicator to measure whether the lighting product is energy-saving. The luminaire efficiency needs professional testing to get it. The operator needs to use the luminaire efficiency as the main indicator to measure the cost performance. 50% of 10W lighting products, the lighting effect is only equivalent to the purchase of 6% of the efficiency of the 6W products, the operators themselves calculate the electricity costs saved for consumers.
Eight, attach importance to the testing of LED lighting products
LED lighting products are a combination of multi-disciplinary technologies, with strong technical characteristics and knowledge content, accurate and rapid evaluation of product quality and cost performance, the need for scientific means, the need to rely on professional photoelectric testing equipment to complete quality judgment, general optical testing The instruments are very expensive and require professional testers. In order to improve the reliability of the evaluation of the products, the third party test report is usually used to check the performance of the products. At present, the Taobao website has a professional LED product testing online store for the e-commerce platform. The operator is very useful. The product will appear in the original shape in front of the test instrument, and improve the marketing ability of the e-commerce. The essence is to improve the product quality credit of the operator in the customer's mind. The real product performance is the premise of the credit, the product The technical test report can explain many professional and technical issues in a straightforward manner.
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