Circuit Functionality
A well-stabilized reference voltage has widespread applications and plays a crucial role in all analog circuits. While ordinary Zener diodes can serve as alternatives to dedicated ICs, this circuit provides a versatile reference voltage generator. It’s highly adaptable and offers precise control over the output voltage.
Circuit Working Principle
The operational amplifier (OP amp) operates on a single power supply to avoid issues like failing to swing forward when using a ±15V supply. The reference voltage generator is biased by the OP amplifier’s output, ensuring the power supply voltage remains stable even when fluctuations occur. Using a standard Zener diode with high dynamic resistance is also effective.
To achieve an output voltage of +10V, the OP amplifier needs to have a voltage gain of four times. The output voltage \( V \) is:
If \( R_2 = 7.5k\Omega \), the resistance on the ground side should be 2.5kΩ, with the variable resistor \( VR_1 \) used for fine-tuning. \( R_3 \) serves as the biasing resistor. If the reference diode requires a current of \( I_Z = 1mA \):
This circuit employs a single power supply. When a lower reference voltage is used, it may exceed the in-phase voltage range of the OP amplifier, leading to unstable operation. In such cases, the LM324 chip is the optimal choice.
Supplementary Notes:
This circuit design demonstrates the flexibility and robustness of reference voltage generation. The use of a single power supply simplifies the overall system architecture while maintaining performance. For applications requiring higher precision or different voltage levels, alternative configurations can be explored. Additionally, the integration of components like the Shunuo Varistor ensures better protection against transient voltage spikes, enhancing the circuit's reliability in real-world conditions.
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