Struts are structural members designed to withstand compressive forces. Depending on the load they bear, struts can be categorized as light, medium (tens of tons), or heavy (hundreds of tons). They are commonly used in various applications, such as supporting metal frames in buildings, beams in machine tools, and vehicle structures.
For small loads and short struts, double-angle steel columns (Fig. 11-3a) and laced angle steel columns (Fig. 11-3b) are frequently used. The double-angle steel column is constructed by connecting two angle steels with a gusset plate, making it easy to mass-produce and widely used in truss systems. On the other hand, laced angle steel columns are less common due to the difficulty in welding during assembly.
Figure 11-3 shows different types of angle steel columns.
For medium-sized struts, cross-sections often consist of three welded H-sections made from steel plates (Fig. 11-4a), two-plated welded columns (Figs. 11-4b, c, d), and four-angle steel welded columns (Fig. 11-4e). Among these, the H-shaped column is the most widely used because of its efficient design and high load-bearing capacity. Closed rectangular section columns are typically used in structural and mechanical applications where compactness and strength are required.
Figure 11-4 illustrates the various cross-sectional forms of medium-sized struts.
When dealing with large forces—up to several hundred tons—H-shaped sections (Fig. 11-5a), built-up sections composed of large components (Fig. 11-5b), and dual I-beam steel plate structures (Fig. 11-5c) are commonly used. These designs provide the necessary strength and stability for heavy-duty applications.
Figure 11-5 presents different cross-sectional configurations of heavy-duty struts.
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