Power supply lightning protection device use and selection - Database & Sql Blog Articles

Lightning poses a serious threat to buildings, equipment, and electronic systems. While the dangers of direct lightning strikes are well known, the destructive potential of induced lightning is often overlooked. Foreign manufacturers, such as FURSE from the UK, have been researching lightning protection for centuries. In China, while effective measures exist against direct lightning, the impact of inductive lightning has only recently gained more attention. In reality, inductive lightning causes significant damage to various systems every year, especially when it affects data transmission networks. In many countries, lightning is classified into two types: direct lightning and induced lightning. Induced lightning occurs when lightning generates an instantaneous overvoltage on power lines due to electromagnetic induction. This surge can reach thousands of volts within microseconds, which is much different from regular power fluctuations that may last longer. These surges can severely damage sensitive electronic devices if not properly managed. According to international standards, typical induced currents on power lines range up to 10,000 amps, with voltages generally below 6,000 volts. On data or signal lines, the induced voltage can be around 5,000 volts, with currents reaching a few hundred amps. Such levels can easily overwhelm unprotected electronics, leading to malfunctions or permanent damage. Standard lightning protection systems are designed to guard against direct strikes, but they do little to prevent damage from inductive effects. For example, lightning can enter through power lines, even with surge protectors in place, causing high-voltage spikes that can damage equipment. Additionally, inductive coupling—through resistive, capacitive, or magnetic means—can also transfer harmful voltages to signal or telephone lines, further increasing the risk of failure. The consequences of transient overvoltages include: 1. Data and signals may be corrupted, leading to device malfunction or temporary shutdown. 2. Components may degrade over time due to repeated exposure to small surges, reducing their lifespan and performance. 3. Severe overvoltage can burn out circuit boards and internal components. 4. System failures can lead to significant indirect losses, such as communication outages, financial system disruptions, and service interruptions, which often exceed the cost of damaged equipment. With the advancement of highly integrated semiconductors, electronic devices have become smaller but more vulnerable to overvoltage events. Although there's no universal standard for how much overvoltage a device can handle, IEEE guidelines suggest that most components can withstand up to twice their rated voltage. For a 230V system, this would mean tolerating up to around 700V during a surge. To fully protect electronic equipment from both inductive lightning and switching surges, all transmission lines—including power, data, signals, and telephone lines—must be considered. It’s also important to install appropriate surge protection for systems like PBXs. A reliable surge protector should meet several key criteria: - **Compatibility**: It should not interfere with normal operation or cause any disruption. - **High Current Handling**: It must be able to withstand at least 10,000 amps of current, as induced lightning can generate large surges. - **Low Clamping Voltage**: The protector should limit the spike to under 700V, which is safe for most devices. - **Comprehensive Protection**: It should provide protection between line-to-ground, neutral-to-ground, and line-to-line. - **Status Indication**: A clear display should show whether the unit is working, degraded, or faulty. - **Telemetry Capability**: In case of failure, it should notify remote monitoring centers via dry contacts. - **Longevity and Reusability**: It should function reliably after multiple strikes and have a lifespan of at least 20 years. By implementing these features, businesses and organizations can significantly reduce the risk of lightning-related damage, ensuring the safety and reliability of their critical systems.

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