In a three-phase power system, the three ends of the three-phase lines are referred to as phase lines, while the other three ends are connected together to form the neutral line, also known as the "zero line." The term "zero line" comes from the fact that when the three-phase system is balanced, no current flows through the neutral line. It is then either directly or indirectly connected to the earth, which keeps its voltage close to zero. The ground wire is a safety feature that connects the equipment or electrical appliance to the earth. Its main purpose is to prevent electric shocks by providing a safe path for fault currents to flow into the ground. This helps reduce the risk of electrical accidents. Under normal conditions, three-phase circuits typically use red, yellow, and blue to represent the three live wires, while the neutral line is usually black. In single-phase lighting systems, yellow often represents the live wire, blue is the neutral wire, and yellow-green indicates the ground wire. However, in some regions, red may be used for the live wire, black for the neutral, and yellow-green for the ground. An electrical appliance requires both a live wire and a neutral wire to complete the circuit, allowing electricity to flow. The neutral wire is not charged under normal operation. Meanwhile, the ground wire is never energized, regardless of whether the switch is on or off. Its primary function is to provide a safe path for any excess current or high voltage to be directed into the earth, preventing potential hazards like electric leakage or dangerous voltage levels.
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