In a three-phase power system, the three ends of the power lines are called phase lines, while the other three ends are connected together to form the neutral line, also known as the "zero line." The term "zero line" comes from the fact that when the three-phase system is balanced, no current flows through the neutral line. It is usually connected directly or indirectly to the ground, which keeps its voltage close to zero. The ground wire is a safety feature that connects the equipment or electrical appliance to the earth. Its main purpose is to prevent electric shocks by providing a safe path for fault currents to flow into the ground. In a typical three-phase circuit, the live lines are often color-coded: red, yellow, and blue. The neutral line is typically black. In a single-phase lighting circuit, the live wire is usually yellow, the neutral wire is blue, and the ground wire is yellow-green. However, in some regions, the live wire might be red, the neutral wire black, and the ground wire yellow-green. An electrical appliance requires both a live wire and a neutral wire to create a complete circuit, allowing current to flow. The neutral wire is not charged under normal conditions. The ground wire is never powered, regardless of whether the switch is on or off. Its primary role is to provide a grounding connection. This helps prevent electric leakage and potential hazards caused by high voltages. High-power appliances often use a ground wire to safely direct any excess current or dangerous voltage into the earth, ensuring user safety.
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