Core tip : Gas detection will become an important function of a passive safety system for automobiles. Excessive carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide concentration in the car will cause discomfort to the driver and passengers, and even cause traffic accidents. Therefore, the active detection of harmful gas concentrations through gas sensors, combined with GPS and GSM communication technologies, has become an important trend in passive safety design of automobiles.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Transport, fatigue driving is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. Due to the high temperature and hot weather in Taiwan in summer and the poor air quality, many drivers are used to using the circulating air conditioning system in the car for a long time. However, in the tight confined space of the cabin, the carbon dioxide produced by the body's metabolism quickly accumulates in the cabin, which will make the air in the cabin dirty. When the carbon dioxide concentration reaches 0.5%, people will experience headaches, dizziness and other discomforts, resulting in fatigue and inattentiveness without knowing it. Many fatigued driving conditions are produced, resulting in frequent accidents and traffic accidents. A big worry about security.
In addition, if the combustion of the car engine is incomplete, the exhaust gas generated contains toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, which may cause the toxic gas to flow back into the vehicle interior through the vent hole due to the aging of the vent hole of the car. Since carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas, the symptoms after poisoning are not easy to be noticed, and the driver will unconsciously poison and lose consciousness, thus becoming an invisible killer hidden in the enclosed space of the car, which is safe for the driver ’s life and social resources. Pose a great threat.
This device is related to the passive safety design of the car, in particular to a device for preventing coma or fatigue of the driver of the car, which can detect the concentration of a specific gas in the interior of the car. When the concentration is greater than the set warning value, it will cause coma to the human body When you are tired, you can automatically open the window; when its concentration is greater than the set threshold, it can automatically send the address and distress signal of the car to reduce the concentration of specific gases in the car interior in time to avoid the driver staying in high for a long time. In a confined space with a specific concentration of gas, and improve the efficiency of subsequent rescue, effectively reduce the casualties in the car and avoid the expansion of subsequent casualties.
Strengthen the safety and protection of automobile passive safety systems
There are two main reasons for the in-depth discussion of this device: First, when the driver is in a condensed space of high concentration of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, often unconsciously poisoning and causing drowsiness, if the window glass cannot automatically detect the drop at this time, let the outside When the fresh air is introduced to reduce the concentration of toxic gases in the interior of the car, it will still pose a great threat to the driver ’s life when exposed for a long time; secondly, when the driver has been poisoned and drowsy, he has no consciousness and strength to tell the driver to correct If the rescuers cannot know the location of the passengers and vehicles in a short period of time and provide follow-up rescue operations, they still cannot avoid the deterioration or even expansion of the casualties (such as exposure to carbon monoxide concentration of 1,600ppm, it will die within 2 hours), prevention The driver of the car is comatose or tired, to further avoid fatigue driving, prevent the occurrence of regrets and fight for rescue time, another major motivation for the development of the device.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a vehicle (active / passive) safety protection system for vehicles traveling on general roads. As for the general vehicle road traffic safety protection system, it can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the active safety stage, the main purpose of which is to avoid accidents. The second stage is the passive safety stage, the main purpose of which is to reduce accidents caused by accidents. The main purpose of the third stage is to avoid the subsequent damage expansion.
Figure 1 Categories of vehicle safety protection systems
According to the current development trend of global advanced safety system technology, the focus has gradually shifted from active to passive in the past, and even developed in the third stage. Commonly developed active safety technologies include anti-lock braking system (ABS) and electronic body stabilization system ( ESP), reversing radar, active headlights, head-up display, night vision, distance keeping collision prevention, lane keeping, etc.
however. Driving accidents have not been completely avoided, especially under the impact of a powerful car accident, in order to reduce the casualties of people in the car, they have moved towards passive safety to reduce injuries. Commonly developed technologies include seat belts, safety airbags, and positive collision protection , Side collision protection, rear collision protection and rollover protection; some high-end cars even pay attention to the third stage of safety protection to avoid injury expansion. The current development of technologies include automatic oil cutoff, automatic central locking, positioning alarm and emergency rescue And other technologies.
According to the data, the electronic control and safety system of advanced safety vehicles accounted for about 40% of the total vehicle cost in 2010. This clearly shows the importance of the design of the second-stage passive safety system and the third-stage emergency rescue in the era of human rights where personal safety is gradually valued It is obvious that the above-mentioned safety technologies are limited to passive safety protection systems for road accidents caused by automobiles.
Re-evolution of passive safety protection system to prevent driving carbon monoxide poisoning
The Republic of China Patent No. M405617 discloses a "vehicle gas detection device", which is mainly composed of a gas detection unit, a control unit and an alarm unit. The gas detection unit includes Sensory components inside and outside the car. Among them, the sensing element energy measures the concentration of carbon monoxide in the environment and converts it into a digital signal and sends it to the gas detection unit.
When the gas detection unit determines that the concentration of carbon monoxide is too high, it sends a signal to the control unit to trigger the alarm unit to remind the user, or further turn off the power to force the vehicle to shut down to protect the life of the person. Although the technology mentions The driver's warning and safety protection are passive and passive. According to data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the Fire Department, a small amount of carbon monoxide concentration will cause people to be comatose and lose consciousness. The alarm sound has no great warning effect for the comatose driver. Turning off the power and forcibly extinguishing the fire will not show the concentration of carbon monoxide inside the closed car interior The decrease.
In addition, the gas detection unit cannot address the parking place of the comatose driver and immediately immediately send out a distress signal to the outside world. As a result, most of the subsequent rescue opportunities have been lost, and the safety and life of the driver cannot be protected. Therefore, to reduce driver casualties and avoid subsequent casualties, the most important treatment should be to immediately open the window to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the interior of the car. Secondly, the parking place will be addressed and a distress signal will be sent out automatically immediately.
In addition, referring to the Republic of China Patent No. M295137, it is disclosed that there is a “ozone machine with harmful gas detection and alarm can be issuedâ€, which includes a cabinet, an ozone generator provided inside the cabinet, and a Circuit board inside the casing, at least one detector and at least one alarm device connected to the circuit board; wherein, the ozone generator can be controlled to output ozone, and the detector can detect gas, high concentration carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide And other harmful gases, when the detector detects gas leakage, high concentration carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and other harmful gas leakage, it will output electronic signals to the circuit board to encourage the ozone generator to generate ozone to oxidize and decompose the harmful gas, and The alarm device will emit a buzzer or flash to inform the user to reach a solution to the serious harm caused by gas leakage or burning carbon to produce high concentration of carbon monoxide.
However, if this sensor is applied to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning by car drivers, it has no positive and effective effect. The reason is the same as above. Because a small amount of carbon monoxide concentration will cause people to be comatose and lose consciousness. The warning function, coupled with no follow-up addressing the parking place and automatically sending out a distress signal to the outside, cannot protect the safety and life of the driver.
In order to avoid the above-mentioned prior art gas detection and alarm system, the "carbon monoxide concentration" inside the vehicle cabin cannot be significantly reduced; in addition, the vehicle address and distress signal cannot be automatically sent out at the first time, resulting in the loss of most rescue opportunities Recognize that the current driving accidents are not limited to car accidents that are commonly seen on roads; on the contrary, the abnormal gas concentration causes the driver to be comatose or tired. The number of car accidents and fatalities and accident fatalities are much higher than that of general car accidents (Because drivers often die from sleeplessness and suffocation in unconscious situations, they are all dead when they are found.) Therefore, passive safety protection systems that prevent car drivers from carbon monoxide poisoning and help should be further emphasized, and the tradition is limited to cars. Passive safety protection systems for road accidents in general should be expanded to be defined and designed to cause injuries and deaths caused by specific gas concentrations to vehicle drivers.
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