Talking about the lighting design of fixed scenes in small and medium-sized studios

TV studios can be generally divided into small, medium, and large studios. Generally, studios with an area of ​​less than 250 m2 are called small studios, and studios of 250 m2 to 600 m2 are called medium-sized studios. The studio of about 250m2 belongs to the small and medium-sized studio. It can record large-scale special programs and even variety shows with audiences. It can also be used to record small TV programs such as special topics, interviews and oral broadcasts without audiences. When used in the former, its scene is slightly cramped; when used in the latter, it is a bit of a waste. However, the advantage of this kind of studio is that it can cope with the recording of various TV programs, so it is also very common in TV stations everywhere.

This article takes the 250m2 studio of Shaanxi Radio and TV Station as an example to analyze the lighting design of the fixed scenes in the small and medium-sized studios, in order to inspire others and ask for advice.

1. Studio overview

The 250 m2 studio of Shaanxi Radio and Television Station is located in Section B of Shaanxi Radio and Television Center. The studio is rectangular in shape, 17.2m long, 14.5m wide and 10m high. There are gates at the two sides of the long side for the access of personnel, equipment and scenes. The second floor horse track is connected to the director's control room and lighting control room to facilitate various operations when recording programs.

The equipment layer of the studio is laid with a permeable steel mesh (Fig. 1). The hanging system uses multi-functional horizontal booms. Among them, there are 18 6m horizontal booms and 4 lights on each boom; 1.5 m There are 16 vertical booms, and 2 lights are hung on each boom. There are 78 JJD 2/3-I mechanical spotlights in the studio and 24 GTMD quad beam lights. Although there are no popular computer lights today, these lights are sufficient for the current conventional TV programs.

Figure 1 Hangers and lamps

The original recorded programs were first installed and then dimmed. After recording, they quickly dismantled the scene and re-installed the scene. Later, more and more programs, so the operation can not keep up with the recording rhythm. Now, there are five programs planned to be recorded in the studio. Four of them are daily broadcasts, which are recorded every day and have a lot of work. If you don't fix the scene, even if you don't count the scenery or the scenery, the work of adjusting the lights is very heavy and time consuming every day.

2, fixed settings of multiple column scenes

After repeated discussions, the lighting team decided to record with a fixed scene. The specific analysis is as follows: In the two gates of the studio, one of the doors is used as an emergency door, which is normally closed, and there are three closed corners for placing the scene. The three parts of the labels 1, 2, and 3 are in turn the scenes of the three columns of "Tiantian Net", "Daily Entertainment" and "Opening" (see Figure 2).

Figure 2 150m2 studio floor plan

The scene of "Daily Entertainment" is located diagonally opposite the gate, accounting for a quarter of the studio. The scenes of "Daily Net" and "Opening" are closely related to the "Daily Entertainment" movie, each occupying a corner of the studio, and extending as far as possible to the door, but does not affect the equipment and personnel. Access (see Figure 3).

Figure 3 "Daily Net" and "Daily Entertainment" column close to the scene

"Huaxia Night Emoticon" is a current affairs broadcast program of Shaanxi Satellite TV. The original background of the dance design is only the big screen, there is only one host. This can be borrowed from the big screen in the "Daily Net" scene as the background. The position of the host of the two programs is basically unchanged, so the lighting adjustment is very small. . "Can be a scorpion" is a section of the "Opening" column, which is a form of life tips and practical knowledge in the form of a drama of northern Shaanxi. The author considers the use of props, costumes and other means to distinguish the visual effects of the plates and columns, the scene can be replaced. After analysis, the 5 programs can actually use only 3 fixed scenes. Although the scenes are large and very real, one scene can occupy a corner and can be fixed. If the scene is fixed, it can be designed to be more complex to enhance the sense of depth, or to use solid materials to enhance the true texture. After the scene is enlarged, you can use the camera to freely view the scene, thus naturally changing the monotonous situation of the previous program background, greatly increasing the visibility of the TV screen.

3, multi-column fixed scene lighting design

The fixation of the scene poses a problem for lighting design: how to design to meet the characteristics of the program, meet the requirements of the program, and fully save manpower?

"Tiantian Net" is a network information program of Shaanxi Radio and Television. The program starts from the four perspectives of information volume, depth, features and visual impact. It also collects online hot news, fresh videos, microblog quotations, etc., and has netizens' opinions and news comments. The beauty design style is similar to the news studio, so the lighting design uses the three-point lighting method of the news light characters to separate the two hosts. The table is in an "L" shape, and the two hosts sit in different directions because the scenes are large, and with a little attention, the light will not interfere with each other. "Entertainment Daily" is a new style of TV magazine column, integrating culture, entertainment and fashion information, reporting major cultural events at home and abroad, seeing entertainment hotspots, and interpreting fashion phenomena. Its beauty design style is fashionable, low-key, and the stage is very strong. An LED PAR light hidden on the ground is used to project a spot on the scene. The key to lighting is that the host's light should be beautiful, and the host's fashion and art must be highlighted.

Although there is only one host in this program, because the host wants to walk on the stage, if the lamp is used much, it will affect the background brightness. Therefore, only a small number of lights are arranged on the route that the host passes, and the host is standing. Carefully illuminate the location (see Figure 4).

Figure 4 Recording scene of "Education Daily"

"Opening" is a "dialect talk show" program with local characteristics in Shaanxi. The main form of the program is the studio scene setting. The two hosts use the dialect to tell comments about social phenomena, news events, entertainment gossip, etc., humorous, distinctive style, with strong affinity and appeal. The beauty of the dance is designed to be a living room style. The scene is bright and beautiful. At the same time as the lighting is on the stage, the light must be noticed. The signal of the character or the scene cannot be over-excited on the TV screen (see Figure 5).

Figure 5 Recording scene of "Opening"

"Hua Xia Night Expression" uses descriptive language to deconstruct the news and uses the rich and varied information to let the public know the world. Because the column is also of a news nature, the background is just borrowing the big screen of "Daily Net", the characters only take close-up view, so the lights only use part of the lighting of the "Daily Net" program (see Figure 6). It should be noted that the lighting should be slightly adjusted according to the size of the host.

Figure 6 "Huaxia Night Expression" recording scene

Considering various factors comprehensively, after repeated trials, comparisons, and adjustments, the following schemes were finally determined (Figure 7): the lamp with the number 1 is the lamp for the column of "Tiantian Net", and the lamp with the number 2 is the "Cultural Entertainment Daily". For the column, only two lamps must be shared, and the lamp with the number 3 is the lamp for the column. The label "1, 2" is a public light fixture for two columns. Each time you need to re-orient the direction, the other lamps adjust the focal length, the horizontal and the tilting, and basically do not move. Just adjust the height of the boom.

Figure 7 250 m2 studio light bitmap

4, how to design a fixed scene lighting in multiple columns

The lighting design of a fixed scene in a multi-column is actually a one-time lighting of all the columns in the studio, and then divided into several cue. The scenes are fixed, not all scenes are recorded at the same time, which provides conditions for lighting design. The key to designing multiple columns to fix scene lighting is that the fixtures in each scene are not reused.

(1) Use lamps as little as possible. It is possible to use two lamps without a lamp, especially in the central area of ​​the studio, to take care of the lights in each column. In a column, if the nearby surface light is not enough, in order to maintain the light ratio, it is necessary to add the light fixture at a distance.

(2) Select the fixtures as much as possible in each scene. As far as possible, do not use adjacent fixtures in the same scene, so that each column has a comprehensive light level such as face light, side light, backlight, and Jingguang.

(3) In order to select different lamps for each column, if necessary, move the original position of the lamps.

(4) Since the general size difference of each column is relatively large, first adjust the horizontal pitch angle of the lamps used at one time, and adjust the height of the boom only for each scene change to reduce the time for adjusting the lights.