Design of basic control circuit of motor based on PLC

In practical life applications, many mechanical equipments need to be able to operate in both positive and negative directions, such as the positive and negative rotation of CNC machine tools, the rise and fall of elevators, and so on. In order to achieve this goal, based on PLC technology, this paper realizes the positive and negative control of the motor by changing the phase sequence of the three-phase power supply.

1 PLC technology

The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) has become the most widely used and widely used industrial controller since its entry in 1969. It has several branches. PLC control consists of central processing unit CPU, memory power unit, etc., and has strong anti-interference ability. It is a class of programmable memory designed for industrial field applications. It is a combination of microcomputer technology and traditional relay contact control technology. It overcomes the complicated wiring, high power consumption and poor flexibility of relay control system. The shortcomings, while taking care of the habits of maintenance personnel, can be flexibly applied in production practice.

The traditional relay control technology is realized by hardware wiring. If it is faulty, it is not convenient for maintenance. PLC control uses storage logic and stores it in the program in the program. If it is faulty, just check the program. The PLC's internal programmable structure mainly includes a programmer, an input and output unit, a user program memory, a system program memory, and a central processing unit.

From the point of view of control speed, the traditional relay control technology needs to be based on mechanical action due to the realization of control. Therefore, the working efficiency is low and the speed is slow. In the ns order and the operation is prone to jitter, it may cause electrical damage. Because the PLC is controlled by the program, the speed is faster than the traditional relay control technology, the general speed is on the order of μs, and there is no jitter phenomenon during the control.

In the delay control, the traditional relay control technology relies on the hysteresis of the device, the timing accuracy is poor, and it is difficult to adjust the time during operation. The PLC monitor control is that the clock pulse is caused by the crystal oscillator, and the control time is high, and the precision is high. Although PLC control is similar to microcomputer technology, it works differently. The PLC technology uses cyclic scanning, while the microcomputer uses keyboard scanning. Figure 1 is the working scanning mode of PLC technology.

PLC scanning process

Figure 1 PLC scanning process

2Design of three-phase asynchronous forward and reverse control circuit of motor

In many operating systems, the motor is required to be able to achieve forward and reverse operation. From the working principle of the motor, it can be known that any two of the three-phase power supplies need to be reversed to realize the reverse operation of the motor, so the motor The essence of realizing the positive and negative reversal is the exchange of power supply lines. However, if only the incoming line is exchanged, it is easy to cause a short circuit of the power supply. Therefore, the interlock must be set. Figure 2 is the principle design diagram of the forward and reverse rotation of the three-phase asynchronous motor. In the figure, both KM1 and KM2 are the main contacts of the AC contactor. When the KM1 is sucked At the same time, the main contact of the KM2 AC contactor will be disconnected, and then the forward rotation of the motor can be realized. If the main contact KM1 of the AC contactor is disconnected, the KM2 will be closed, and the motor will be reversed. The FU1 in the figure is mainly used to prevent the short circuit of the power supply, and the circle represents the motor M.

Principle design of three-phase asynchronous motor forward and reverse

Figure 2 Principle design of the three-phase asynchronous motor forward and reverse

As can be seen from the above figure, the software interlock function of the PLC program is not reliable. Therefore, you need to add interlocks in the hardware. The address allocation table is shown in Table 1. In addition to adding interlocks in the hardware, you need to make a thermal protection device.

Table 1 Input (1) Address and Output Address (0) Allocation Table

Design of basic control circuit of motor based on PLC

According to the specific function and requirements of the designed device, the PLC ladder diagram is drawn. The ladder diagram is shown in Figure 3. Then parse it to get the programming code.

Design of basic control circuit of motor based on PLC

Figure 3 ladder diagram

The designed procedure is as follows:

0 LD X000

1 OR Y005

2 ANI X002

3 ANI Y004

4 OUT Y005

5 LD X001

6 OR Y004

7 ANI X002

8 ANI Y005

9 OUT Y004

10 END

In the ladder diagram of Figure 3, the normally open contact controlled by the external button of the PLC is mainly the first level of the left busbar and the X001 contact and the X002 contact of the second level. The button can make X000 or X001 any one of the usual. When the open contact is closed, the output relay Y005 or the relay Y004 can form a closed loop through the corresponding line, thereby enabling the normally open contact point Y005 or Y004 to realize the self-locking function and simultaneously realize the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. Stopping is achieved by a button external to the PLC. By releasing the X002 normally open contact point, the relay is de-energized and the motor is stopped.

3 Conclusion

The paper designs the three-phase asynchronous forward and reverse control circuit of the motor. The experiment proves that the design can achieve the positive and negative control of the click, but there are still some areas for improvement in the control, such as the low degree of automation, in practice. There are still many inconveniences in the operation.

The nickel–cadmium battery (NiCd battery or NiCad battery) is a type of rechargeable battery using nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium as electrodes. The abbreviation NiCd is derived from the chemical symbols of nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd).

Pocket Type Nickel Cadmium Battery capacity range is from 10ah to 1200ah, have three series: low discharge rate, medium discharge rate and high discharge rate. 


Pocket Type Nickel Cadmium Battery

Nickel Cadmium Batterie,Nicd Battery Pocket Plate,Railway Nicd Battery,10~1200Ah Nicd Battery

Henan Xintaihang Power Source Co.,Ltd , https://www.taihangbattery.com

Posted on