**1. 220V to 12V Power Supply Circuit Diagram**
The circuit diagram is shown below, which includes steps such as step-down, rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation.
The first stage involves stepping down the 220V AC sine wave to approximately 14V using a transformer with a turns ratio of around 15.7. This is followed by a full-wave bridge rectifier made up of four 1N4000 series diodes (such as 1N4001 to 1N4007), which converts the 14V AC into a pulsating DC voltage with a peak of about 18V.
Next, a large electrolytic capacitor (Cin) is used for filtering. It should have a voltage rating of at least 25V to handle the ripple and fluctuations in the input voltage. The 7812 linear voltage regulator then takes this 18V DC and stabilizes it to a precise 12V output. A small output filter capacitor (Co) is also added to prevent potential oscillations from the 7812, especially since three-terminal regulators can sometimes become unstable under certain conditions.
For higher current applications, you can use the 78H12 model, which supports up to 5A. However, if your project only requires 1A, the standard 7812 will be sufficient. The capacitance values of Cin and Co can also be adjusted based on your specific needs.
Have you ever seen a 220V to 12V regulated power supply circuit? If you're interested in building your own DC power supply, let me guide you through the process.
**2. How to Build a 220V to 12V DC Power Supply**
Step 1: Prepare a power supply chassis or an old computer power supply. These are commonly available and often sold cheaply at electronics markets. For example, a used power supply might cost around 20 yuan. If you don’t want to go out, you can take apart an old desktop power supply and check its specifications to better understand how it works.
Most power supplies have yellow wires for 12V output, black wires for ground, and green wires for the power-on signal. Genuine power supplies usually mark these clearly.
Step 2: Find some wires. You’ll need a flat cable that can fit into the connector. I used alternative cables because I was too lazy to search for the exact one.
By following these steps, you can easily build a simple and reliable 220V to 12V DC power supply at home. Whether you’re working on a hobby project or need a stable power source for your electronics, this circuit is a great starting point.
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