In the race for 5G, the three major Chinese telecom operators have taken different approaches. Compared to China Unicom and China Telecom, China Mobile has shown a more proactive and precise response to the "5G era," taking faster and more decisive actions. This can be seen through its past initiatives and current investment strategies. In contrast, China Unicom has been relatively cautious, partly due to its over-investment in 3G networks in the early stages, which delayed its opportunity to fully capitalize on the 4G transition. As a result, China Unicom is now focusing more on the 4G market rather than catching up with the 5G wave alongside China Mobile.
China Telecom, although entering the 5G scene later, has responded effectively. It has formed strategic partnerships with leading equipment manufacturers like Huawei and ZTE, as well as research institutions, helping to reduce potential bottlenecks. These collaborations have contributed to its stronger position in the 5G development landscape.
On November 15th, the 5G standard will gradually be introduced next year. China’s 5G spectrum planning has also been confirmed, with the third phase of testing set to begin soon. Currently, all three major operators are accelerating their efforts to bring 5G to market. According to current plans, 5G trial commercial services are expected to launch in the second half of next year, signaling that the 5G era is rapidly approaching.
**Spectrum: China's 5G spectrum plan finalized**
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially released the frequency usage plan for the 5G system in the mid-band. The plan specifies the use of the 3300-3400MHz (with an indoor use limit), 3400-3600MHz, and 4800-5000MHz bands for 5G operations. China has become the first country globally to release such a comprehensive 5G frequency plan.
**Standard: First version of the 5G international standard to be released in June 2019**
Historically, mobile communication technology followed a sequence: standard first, then products, followed by testing and commercialization. However, in the 5G era, these steps are being developed simultaneously. This synchronized approach involves 5G testing, supporting technology R&D, standardization, and industrial development, all aimed at ensuring the successful commercialization of 5G by 2020.
Currently, the global 5G standard is still under development. At a press conference in Q3 2017, Wen Ku from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology stated that by the end of 2017, partial 5G two-stage network testing would be completed. By June 2019, when the first version of the 5G international standard is released, China aims to have products ready for commercial deployment, laying the foundation for rapid 5G growth.
**Test: Third phase of 5G trials to begin**
China’s 5G technology trials have entered the second stage, with the main content of the new air interface test nearly complete. The third phase will follow international standards, focusing on pre-commercial equipment performance and interconnection testing. Equipment and chip development will align with pre-commercial goals to meet future requirements.
Minister Miao Wei mentioned earlier that the third phase of 5G testing will start in 2018, with the goal of having the 5G standard approved by ITU and becoming the new global standard. Following this, China will accelerate 5G construction and aim for a leading position in 2020.
**China Telecom: 5G trial commercialization starts in June 2018**
China Telecom plans to conduct basic network verification in six cities in 2018. Once matured by the end of 2018, it will collaborate with vertical industries to explore new services and aim for 5G commercialization in key cities by 2020.
From June 2018 to December 2019, China Telecom will run 5G trial commercial programs, with large-scale commercial use planned after 2020. The initial test cities include Lanzhou, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Xiongan, Suzhou, and Shanghai, each with 6–8 stations. Wireless networking capabilities are currently being tested in the 3.5GHz band.
In early August, China Telecom announced the start of 5G innovation demonstration network construction in Xiongan and released the “China Telecom 5G Innovation Demonstration Network White Paper†to support 5G scale commercialization in 2020.
**China Mobile: Trial commercialization in 2019**
Yi Zhiling, chief scientist at China Mobile Communications Research Institute, said the company is preparing to deploy 5G in three phases, with the second phase now underway. Commercial availability is expected by 2020.
At MWC·Shanghai 2017, China Mobile outlined its 5G roadmap: field trials in five cities in 2017, scale testing in 2018, pre-commercial in 2019, and full commercialization in 2020.
Chairman Shang Bing stated that China Mobile is advancing steadily with 5G, waiting for the maturity of standards and business models. He emphasized that 5G investment will be based on industry readiness, not rushed.
**China Unicom: Fastest commercial trial in 2019**
According to China Unicom’s recent announcement, funds from its mixed reform will mainly go toward 4G capacity enhancement and 5G pre-commercial investment. The total investment for 4G and 5G projects between 2017 and 2019 is expected to reach 55.09 billion yuan.
At the 2017 extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, Wang Xiaochu emphasized the need for significant early investment in 5G to maintain a competitive edge, aiming for the fastest commercial trial in the second half of 2019.
Currently, China Unicom has partnered with Huawei to establish a 5G field experiment base in Shanghai, completing the deployment of high and low-frequency areas.
China Unicom’s timeline includes: 2017 for technical verification, 2018 for small-scale testing, 2019 for trial commercialization, and 2020 for full commercial deployment across key cities.
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