The three major telecom operators have entered the 5G race. Compared to China Unicom and China Telecom, China Mobile has shown greater sensitivity to the "5G era," which has led to faster and more precise actions. This can be seen from their past initiatives and current investments. In contrast, China Unicom appears relatively cautious. Its excessive investment in the 3G network in the early stages delayed its opportunity to seize the 4G era, leaving it now focused on capturing the remaining 4G market, rather than joining the 5G wave alongside China Mobile.
China Telecom, however, took a different approach. Although it entered the 5G scene later, it responded promptly and has already achieved some notable results through collaborations with major equipment manufacturers like Huawei and ZTE, as well as research institutions. These partnerships have helped reduce the "bottleneck effect" to some extent.
On November 15th, the 5G standard is expected to be gradually introduced next year. China's 5G spectrum planning has also been confirmed, and the third phase of testing will be carried out. Currently, all three major operators are working toward the arrival of the 5G era. According to the current plan, a 5G trial commercial network is expected to launch in the second half of next year. An exciting new era is just around the corner.
**Spectrum: China's 5G spectrum planning is finalized**
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially released the frequency usage plan for the 5G system in the mid-band frequency range. The plan specifies that the 3300-3400MHz (with an upper limit for indoor use), 3400-3600MHz, and 4800-5000MHz bands will be used for 5G operations. China has become the first country in the world to release such a comprehensive frequency use plan for 5G systems.
**Standard: First version of 5G international standard to be released in June 2019**
In the past, the development of mobile communication followed a linear path: first setting the standards, then developing products, followed by testing and commercialization. However, in the 5G era, these steps are being pursued simultaneously, with each stage supporting the others. This collaborative approach, driven by 5G testing, technology research, standardization, and industrial development, aims to ensure the successful commercialization of 5G by 2020.
Currently, the global 5G standard is still under development. At a press conference held in the first three quarters of 2017, Wen Ku, director of the Information and Communication Development Department at the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, stated, “By the end of this year, we will complete the partial testing of the 5G two-stage network. In June next year, when the first version of the 5G international standard is released, our products will be ready to enter the market or be close to commercial readiness, laying the foundation for rapid 5G growth.â€
**Test: Phase 3 will begin**
China’s 5G technology experiments have now entered the second phase, with the main content of the 5G new air interface test nearly completed. The third phase of the 5G technology experiment will follow international standards and focus on pre-commercial equipment performance and related interconnection testing. Therefore, the subsequent system equipment and chips must meet the requirements of pre-commercial deployment.
Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, previously stated that the third phase of 5G testing will begin in 2018, with the goal of getting the 5G standard approved by ITU and becoming the new global standard. China plans to accelerate 5G construction and aim for a leading position in 2020.
**China Telecom: 5G Trial Commercial Launch in June 2018**
China Telecom announced that it will conduct basic networking verification in six cities in 2018. Once matured by the end of the year, it will collaborate with vertical industries to explore new services and strive for 5G commercialization in key cities by 2020. That means China Telecom will run commercial trials from June 2018 to December 2019, and move into large-scale commercial use after 2020.
Currently, the cities selected for China Telecom’s 5G innovation demonstration network include Lanzhou, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Xiong’an, Suzhou, and Shanghai, with 6–8 stations in each city. Wireless networking capabilities and solutions are primarily tested in the 3.5GHz band. In early August this year, China Telecom announced the start of 5G innovation network construction in Xiong’an and released the “China Telecom 5G Innovation Demonstration Network White Paper†to promote large-scale 5G commercial use in 2020.
“Building the 5G innovation demonstration network is an opportunity to drive innovative applications. We aim to achieve 5G trial commercialization in 2019 and full commercial scale in 2020,†said China Telecom.
**China Mobile: Trial Commercial in 2019**
Yi Zhiling, chief scientist at China Mobile Communications Research Institute, mentioned that China Mobile is preparing to deploy 5G in three phases, currently in the second phase, with commercial availability expected by 2020.
At this year’s MWC·Shanghai Conference, China Mobile outlined its clear 5G development plan: field trials in five cities in 2017, large-scale tests in 2018, pre-commercial in 2019, and full commercial rollout in 2020.
At the 2017 Interim Results Conference, China Mobile Chairman Shang Bing noted, “We have launched 5G field trials this year and are advancing steadily according to the maturity of 5G standards and business models. Currently, 5G technologies are not yet in application, and business models are still immature. The 5G standard will be unified in the second half of next year. The 7-nanometer chips needed for 5G won’t appear until late 2018 to 2019. The peak period of 5G investment will be between 2019 and 2020, based on the maturity of the 5G industry, not blind investment.â€
Li Yue, president of China Mobile, added, “Since mobile phones will only be available at that time, investing in 5G in 2019 is not too late, and we won’t invest before that.â€
**China Unicom: Fastest Commercial Trial in 2019**
In its announcement released on August 31, China Unicom stated that the funds raised from its mixed reform were mainly used for 4G capacity enhancement and 5G pre-commercial investment. According to the fundraising project plan, the total investment in the “4G Capacity Enhancement Project, 5G Network Technology Verification, Related Business Enablement and Network Trial Commercial Construction Project†will reach 55.09 billion yuan over 2017–2019, with 27.1 billion yuan allocated for 5G.
At the second extraordinary shareholders meeting in September, Wang Xiaochu emphasized, “We can’t be soft. The softness of 4G in the beginning caused problems. Before 5G came out, we invested reasonably. For 5G, a large initial investment is needed to maintain a competitive advantage, and we aim to be the fastest in the second half of 2019.â€
Currently, China Unicom has partnered with Huawei to establish a 5G field experiment base in Shanghai and has completed the deployment of both high and low-frequency areas.
According to China Unicom’s schedule: 2017 is the technical verification phase, completing small-scale 5G tests in 2–4 key cities with 2–5 stations; 2018 is the small-scale test phase, completing lab function verification of 5G commercial products and building a 19-station test network in 4–6 cities; 2019 is the trial commercial phase, expanding the trial scale to more cities and more sites per city while promoting 5G pre-commercialization; and 2020 is the commercial phase, where key areas in key cities will be deployed, experiences will be summarized, and expanded nationwide.
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