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With the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend, China has become the world's largest industrial robot market. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, by 2020, China will form a relatively complete industrial robot industry system, with a high-end market share of more than 45%. At present, the use of industrial robots in China is mainly concentrated in the automotive industry and the electrical and electronic industry, arc welding robots, spot welding robots, and handling robots .
ã€1. Generality
The industrial robot is programmable and supports multi-degree of freedom motion, so the application is more flexible. Although not as human, industrial robots are much more flexible than many common machines for industrial automation (specialized for a class of industrial applications or a custom-built electromechanical integration solution). When industrial application changes are not too big, robots can be reprogrammed to meet new demands without having to invest heavily in hardware. But correspondingly, its relative deficiency will be efficiency. After all, the special plane is customized for an application, so although the efficiency is optimized at the expense of versatility, it can be done very well on the index that the customer is very concerned about.
ã€2. Electromechanical performance
Industrial robots generally achieve motion accuracy of less than 0.1 mm (refer to repeated motion to point accuracy), grab objects weighing up to one ton, and stretch up to three or four meters. Although such performance may not easily complete some "crazy" processing requirements on Apple's mobile phone, for most industrial applications, it is enough to successfully complete the task. As the performance of robots has gradually improved, some previously impossible tasks have become feasible (such as laser welding or cutting, which required special high-precision equipment to guide the laser's direction, but as the accuracy of the robot increases, it also changes. Deco can rely on the exact motion of the robot itself instead.) However, compared with traditional high-end equipment, such as high-precision CNC machine tools, laser calibration equipment, or special environment (high temperature or ultra-low temperature) equipment, industrial robots are still unable.
[3. Man-machine cooperation
Traditional industrial robots work in cages because it is dangerous (imagine a guy holding dozens or hundreds of kilograms squatting at four meters per second, no one wants to get close). The main reason is that general robots, based on cost and technical considerations, do not integrate additional sensors to sense external special situations (such as sudden touches), it will only be "stupid" in accordance with human programmed procedures. The movement of the day, unless there is an external signal telling it to stop. So the common solution is to equip the robot with a cage. When the cage door is opened, the robot will automatically pause when it receives the signal.
[4. Ease of use
The essence of the traditional robot is to continuously take a path point and receive or set the peripheral I / O signal. The process of guiding the robot to do so is robot programming. Almost every leading company has its own programming language and environment, which requires robot operators to participate in learning training. When the scope of application of the robot was widened, this cost began to appear. In any case, the ease of use of robots has begun to gain attention. How can people be able to play robots as quickly as they do with the iPhone without any (or too much) training, and it has become the future direction for big manufacturers to invest heavily. .
[5. cost】
The cost of robots ranges from tens of thousands of small models to large millions of RMB. This cost is naturally lower than that of high-end professional manufacturing equipment, but it may also be higher than the automation solutions that domestic small integrators put together. However, from the perspective of the popularity of robots in the Western industry and the domestic manufacturing industry in recent years, it shows that the economic advantage of robot automation has generally reached a critical point, surpassing other alternatives (manual, or special plane), it seems that this cost Still worth it. In fact, to take the old path of traditional robots, there is not much room for hardware cost reduction. The industrial robot is basically an open-loop motion mechanism, relying on the high-precision fit of the motor and the gearbox. Most of the key components of the leading manufacturers are bought from several Japanese manufacturers. (This is also the robot made by domestic companies. It is not cheaper to buy the same parts, because Japanese manufacturers will not do it for you. How much discount does this amount give). Unless Chinese component manufacturers can calm down and try to catch up with Japanese technology, and thus break the monopoly for many years with price advantage, they can really promote the development of domestic robot manufacturers.
[6. Intelligence
The reason for putting the smart type on the last point is that it is not the most urgent for the time being because of the current mainstream demand for robots (ie, strong, fast, and accurate). This also reflects the advantages and disadvantages of traditional industrial robots. But it doesn't mean that smart is not important. On the contrary, companies have begun to make technology investments. For example, how to let the robot better understand the human command intention, relatively independent to understand and plan the task, without a point to tell people how to go; how to make the robot change in the external environment (light dimming Affects image recognition, damage to items on the conveyor belt requires special handling) Automatic adaptation; how to judge the assembly quality of parts by tactile visual acuity, etc.
[7. Lack of talent]
Industrial robots are in line with the development of the times, and the industry has broad prospects. However, the contradiction between the imbalance of supply and demand of talents in this field is increasingly prominent. On the one hand, robot manufacturers, system integrators, and automobile processing industries are eager for talents. On the other hand, talent supply is insufficient, and it is difficult to meet the needs of enterprises. The reason is mainly due to the explosive development trend of the domestic robot industry in recent years. The curriculum of training institutions such as universities and vocational schools still lags behind. Although some robot manufacturers provide relevant training, there are too many brands targeted. Shortcomings such as insufficient promotion, inadequate supporting facilities and limited training outlets make it difficult to achieve a systematic teaching process, which is still not well suited to the needs of scholars across the country, resulting in many people who are interested in the robotics industry.
Industrial and Medical Display
There are many kinds of LCD classification standards, which can be divided into passive matrix and active matrix according to the driving mode
Passive matrix: Passive matrix LCD can be divided into TN-LCD(TwistedNematic LCD), STN-LCD(SuperTN-LCD) and DSTN-LCD(Doublelayer STN-LCD).
Active matrix: Active matrix LCD, also known as TFT-LCD, is widely used at present. Tft-lcd is short for thin-filmliquid-Crystal Display
The TFT-thin Film Transistor
Liquid Crystal Display
Short for TFT-LCD Liquid-CrystalDisplay
Tft-lcd has been widely used in various display equipment due to its advantages of small size, light weight, low radiation, low power consumption and full color.
Functions of TFT-LCD structure
(1) Backlight plate module: provide the source of light;
(2) Upper and lower polarizing plates, TFT Glass Substrate, liquid crystal: forming polarized light, controlling the passage of light;
(3) Color filters: Provide TFT LCD red, green and blue (three primary colors of light) sources;
(4) ITO transparent conductive layer: provide transparent conductive path;
(5) Photo Spacer: Provide a fixed height for color filters and TFT Glass Substrate. As a space for liquid crystal infusion, and as a support for the upper and lower Glass layers.
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