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What is less known is that, on the sea floor, an earth-shaking industrial revolution is proceeding quietly. Rapid advances in robotics, AI, low-cost sensors, satellite systems, big data, and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for the use and research of marine resources. The promotion of disruptive ocean technologies means that in the future we will have a cleaner and safer marine environment. The twelve emerging ocean technologies mentioned below are changing the way we obtain food, energy, mineral resources and data from the ocean.
You must have heard of a driverless car, but soon we will see an unmanned boat. You know, ocean freight is a $380 billion industry, but like road traffic, marine traffic can also cause pollution, species incursions, and even the extinction of certain marine life. For example, in the past few decades, more than 200 whales have been killed by ships. Companies like Rolls Royce foresee that in the future, automated shipping will make future industries more efficient, cleaner and save money. Unmanned ship freight can improve work efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions, but we still need to integrate existing sensor technology and algorithms for R&D.
2.SCUBA diving robot
SCUBA submersibles can operate in extremely deep waters for minutes and complete some difficult tasks. Their bodies can hold ten times more pressure than themselves. A team of robotic researchers from Stanford University designed Ocean One, an underwater humanoid robot. With its agility, it can use force sensors to simulate touch feelings for the controllers, helping them to capture archaeological artifacts on the sea floor. The author believes that high-powered humanoid robots will soon replace the existence of human divers and engage in some high-risk marine research and engineering tasks in the sea.
The current AR glasses technology is very popular, and it is no exception in the ocean. US naval engineers designed a visually enhanced monitor for their divers - a waterproof, super power version of Google Glass. This new technology enables divers and search and rescue teams with commercial operations to combine data acquired from sonar sensors with the aid of the surface team to achieve complex tasks with near zero visibility. Â
In 2014, humans ate more farmed fish for the first time than naturally grown fish. The new aquaculture technology has promoted the explosive growth of underwater agriculture. Underwater "aquapod" breeding boxes have been put into use in places such as Hawaii, Mexico, and Panama. This kind of technological innovation allows the aquaculture industry to develop offshore, which slows down the pollution of coastal fishing grounds and biological problems.
Over 95% of network traffic is transmitted over submarine cables. Soon, the data will not only be transmitted under the sea, but will also be stored under water. The high energy consumption of the data center has caused people to move their base camp to Iceland, where cold weather can increase the rate of cooling.
The ocean is a huge energy store. In theory, fluctuation energy can produce 11.4 trillion kilowatt-hours of energy each year (equivalent to the energy produced by 400 small nuclear power plants). At the same time, technological innovations have opened up new opportunities for tapping tidal energy. For example, a commercial project in Australia can produce electricity and zero-emission freshwater.
Ocean warming energy conversion technology can generate electricity through the temperature difference between shallow tropical ocean water and deep seawater - this technology was formed in Hawaii last year. Lockheed Martin is now designing a power plant that can generate 100 times the amount of electricity that can channel cold water deeper than a kilometer deep into the ocean. This process requires the assistance of huge and flexible water pipes, new alternative materials, and production technology. .
Some parts of the seafloor are rich in scarce metals such as gold, platinum and cobalt. So far, these marine mineral resources have not been sufficiently developed. Recently, scientists have developed a waterproof excavator that weighs 300 tons. It can reach the deepest part of the sea floor and dig out scarce metal resources. According to reports, on the seabed, about one million square kilometers of the area is in possession of minerals, and the marine nuggets will start as early as 2018. At that time, the metal resources in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions will be fully tapped. However, it is worth noting that how to excavate the mineral resources on the seabed without destroying the fragile submarine environment and those living in the deep sea is an extremely challenging task.
Most nautical vessels will require safety sensors so that they can transmit their position information to satellites and other vessels via public channels. Many emerging companies have developed sophisticated algorithms to complete this huge ocean of big data, convert to usable forms, identify illegal fishing, raise public awareness of the marine safety, and help establish intelligent zoning plans so that they can be better Balancing the needs of fishermen, marine traffic and marine protection. In addition, images produced by new small satellites can be used to detect habitat changes in real time.
At present, marine pharmacy is rapidly developing and the ocean shoulders the mission of anti-cancer drug and antibiotic treatment R&D. Earlier, the European Union established a company called PharmaSea to collect and review marine heavy biological samples using deep-sea sampling equipment, genome scanning, chemical information, and data mining.
The widespread use of low-cost connection sensors allows us to monitor the coastline in an unprecedented way. As the climate changes, the ocean is getting warmer and more acidic. Sensors placed on surfboards can monitor temperature, salinity, and pH values. In Australia, the government uses sonar image sensors to detect sharks near the coast in order to protect people who come to the seaside and push real-time alerts through mobile devices.
The research and development of marine robots is constantly drawing lessons from Mother Nature, the world’s most advanced engineering company. Tuna robots can inspect the ocean; snake-like marine submersible robots monitor the safety of pipelines around oil rigs; 1400-pound machine crabs collect seafloor data; jellyfish robots are also conducting environmental monitoring. These species, which have been tested for many years, are being used by humans for solving various marine problems and are highly efficient and practical.
There is no doubt that since the day of the birth of mankind, we have stood together with the sea. Land-based technological innovation allows us to reduce the negative impact of polluting heavy industries, achieve sustainable economic development, and monitor changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Today, we need to develop the same technology on the seabed, but it is worth noting that while we rely on innovative, original and disruptive technologies to obtain marine resources, we must also avoid undermining its own ecological balance.
Via IEEE Spectrum
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