Every industry has its own unique language, and the water purification sector is no exception. Whether you're a professional in this field or just curious about clean water technology, understanding the terminology is essential for better engagement with the industry. Here are 15 key terms that every water purifier enthusiast should know. Let's take a closer look together.
1. Suspended Matter in Water
Suspended matter refers to particles in water with a diameter of around 0.1 micrometers or larger, which can be seen with the naked eye. These particles include sediment, algae, bacteria, viruses, and organic substances. They contribute to water turbidity and affect clarity, color, and odor. Understanding suspended solids helps in designing effective filtration systems.
2. Colloidal Substances in Water
Colloids are tiny particles ranging from 0.1 to 0.001 micrometers in size. They consist of clusters of molecules and ions, such as inorganic colloids like iron, aluminum, and silicon compounds, or organic ones like humus formed from decaying plant and animal matter. Colloidal particles are hard to remove due to their small size and tendency to remain suspended.
3. Dissolved Substances in Water
Dissolved substances are particles smaller than or equal to 0.001 micrometers, such as ions and gases from dissolved salts. These substances are fully mixed into the water and are typically not visible. Their presence affects water quality and can influence taste, hardness, and overall purity.
4. Water Turbidity
Turbidity measures how cloudy or murky water appears due to the presence of suspended solids and colloidal particles. It’s an important indicator of water clarity and is influenced by various impurities like dirt, algae, and microorganisms. High turbidity can reduce the effectiveness of disinfection processes.
5. Water Hardness
Water hardness refers to the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. While other metals like iron and manganese may also be present, they are usually in smaller amounts. Hard water can lead to scale buildup in pipes and appliances, affecting both performance and longevity.
6. TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)
TDS stands for total dissolved solids, which includes all the minerals, salts, and organic matter dissolved in water. It is a key parameter for assessing water quality. High TDS levels can impact taste and may indicate the presence of harmful substances.
7. Residual Chlorine
Residual chlorine is the amount of chlorine remaining in water after treatment. It is used to kill bacteria and pathogens, but excessive levels can be harmful. Residual chlorine is often measured to ensure safe drinking water while maintaining effective disinfection.
8. Scale
Scale is a hard, mineral deposit that forms on the inside of pipes, faucets, and appliances when hard water is heated. It is primarily composed of calcium carbonate and can reduce the efficiency of water heaters and other equipment over time.
9. pH Value
The pH value measures the acidity or alkalinity of water. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline. Maintaining the right pH is crucial for water safety, equipment protection, and overall comfort.
10. Acidity
Acidic water has a pH below 7 and often tastes sour. It can cause corrosion in plumbing systems and affect the taste and quality of water. Acidic conditions may also promote the growth of certain harmful bacteria.
11. Alkalinity
Alkalinity refers to the ability of water to neutralize acids. It is measured by the concentration of bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides. Alkaline water tends to have a bitter taste and is less likely to corrode metal pipes.
12. Hard Water
Hard water contains high levels of calcium and magnesium. It is common in areas with limestone deposits and can cause scaling, reduced soap lathering, and damage to household appliances. Proper water softening is often necessary to mitigate these effects.
13. Brackish Water
Brackish water is a mix of fresh and saltwater, typically found in coastal areas. It has a higher salinity than freshwater but lower than seawater. In China, many rural communities rely on brackish water, which can be unpleasant to drink and may pose health risks if untreated.
14. Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen gas dissolved in water. It plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems and affects water quality. The level of dissolved oxygen depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and microbial activity. Higher oxygen levels support healthier water environments.
15. Suspended Solids
Suspended solids are solid particles that remain in water and can be trapped by filters. Some of them settle out under certain conditions, making them easier to remove. Measuring suspended solids is important for assessing water clarity and determining appropriate treatment methods.
Understanding these terms not only enhances your knowledge of water purification but also helps in making informed decisions about water quality and treatment solutions. Whether you're a professional or a homeowner, knowing the basics of water terminology is always beneficial.
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