What is the shortcut to learning a microcontroller?
The so-called shortcut is to take less detours. I just started to learn a single-chip computer and took a lot of detours. Many friends and I have similar experiences. I just started to contact MCUs, and I don’t know which one to choose from. I don’t know which one to buy when I want to practice. I don’t know how to buy a single-chip microcomputer. Programming download program...
A Careful reading of this article for beginners is one of the shortcuts to learning microcontrollers.
B Go to the library or bookstore and choose one of the dozens of MCU books that you can read, and think that the case is interesting, "real, lively, lively" MCU books as your primer.
C is recommended to start with 51 microcontrollers. Master 51 after learning AVR, then learn ARM, DSP and so on.
D is very necessary to practice in the learning process. You need a computer. If it is a desktop computer, you can buy a 25-pin parallel port download line for a dozen yuan. If it is a laptop, you can only buy a USB ISP programmer with tens of dollars to several hundred dollars.
E Use a universal board to solder a single MCU minimum system, or purchase a development board. There is no need to use expensive emulators.
F You need to download the MCU programming software online, such as 51 with Keil programming, AVR with CVAVR programming, programming in the programming software, then generate HEX file, then download and burn the program software or USB ISP burning program software, use the burning program The software loads the HEX file, and then the programming line is found on your MCU board, and the program can be burned into the MCU.
G Unplug the programming line, then turn on the power of the microcontroller board. You can see that the microcontroller system is running.
H If the system is not working properly, first check if the circuit is connected incorrectly, and then check if the program is burned incorrectly. If there is nothing wrong with the above, check if the program is wrong. Sometimes the system does not work properly does not mean that something is wrong, but some parameters are not set, you need to constantly run, modify the program, debug parameters, and then run back and forth until you are satisfied with the system operation. Sometimes this is a very difficult and repetitive work. Adjusting hundreds of times thousands of times, you can't avoid it. You can only strengthen your faith and go forward.
I. It is more convenient and cheaper to buy things on Taobao.
Second, what control robots do people use before the birth of the one-chip computer?
1 Analog Computer Before the birth of digital computers, people used electronic tubes, capacitors, and inductors and resistors to build analog computers, which could perform many simple calculation and control tasks. The so-called analog computer is the analog signal whose calculation is not a 1, 0 digital signal, but a voltage continuous conversion analog, similar to the operation adopted by various controllers in the automatic control principle. Don't underestimate the analog computer. In the Middle East War in the 1980s, the Soviet-made fully automatic self-defense gun used in the Arab countries used an analog computer to calculate the aircraft trajectory and control the firing target. 
2 The controller consisting of gears and cams Before the birth of the analog computer, that is, the steam engine era, some mechanical geniuses used hundreds of gears and cams to build mechanical computers. People turned various gears with digital numbers and other gears. Display the results of the operation. Mechanical computers used to be high-tech products in the history of mankind. In the Second World War, the famous German cryptograph was an electromechanical hybrid computer, which was the most secret communication tool at the time. 
3 Clockwork and stopwatch and relay controller At the beginning of the electrical era, people used the rotation of the mechanical timepiece in the clock to control the on and off of some relays, thus controlling the operation of some machine tools and production lines. This device is similar to the timer in an early washing machine. 
Three entry preferred AT89S51 series MCU
1 Introduction
In 1980, Intel developed a simple 8031 ​​CPU. At that time, the CPU performance was not much worse than the 8086, but the price was cheaper, so it was selected by many low-end applications. Due to market optimism, ATMEL purchased the 8031 ​​core and integrated the Flash memory and enhanced IO port to develop the AT89 series microcontroller. All microcontrollers that are compatible with the 8031 ​​instruction and the kernel are collectively referred to as the 51 single-chip microcomputer. It is one of the most widely used 8-bit microcontrollers. Because 51 single-chip microcomputer has a simple structure, easy to learn instructions, and widely used, it is the first choice for beginner microcontrollers. If someone wants to learn 51 without learning 51, then this person will encounter many problems, confusion and depression will accompany the learning process. If you learn 51 and then learn AVR and other microcontrollers, people will find that "the so-called single-chip is just that."
2 Performance According to the specific needs of the task, select the most suitable single-chip microcomputer, make the use of single-chip resources to make the system cost-effective, and take into account the future expansion needs, not blindly pursue high-performance single-chip, this is the principle of selecting single-chip.
AT89S51 has 4K Flash program memory, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 IO ports, interrupt system with 6 interrupt sources, 5 terminal vectors, 2 interrupt priority interrupt structures; serial port is a full duplex Serial communication port; AT89S51 power supply voltage is 4.0-5.5V, AT89LS51 power supply voltage is 2.7-4.0V; oscillator frequency 0-33MHz (AT89S51), 0-16MHz (AT89LS51); ISP online programming function, this function The advantage is that rewriting the program in the MCU memory does not require the chip to be stripped from the working environment. It is a powerful and easy to use feature.
The AT89S52 program memory has a capacity of 8KB, and the AT89S55 has a larger ROM capacity.
There are many companies that produce a lot of extended 51 series MCUs, some with AD converters, some with comparators, and some with PWM, readers can choose the right 51 MCU according to their needs, but pay attention to their tubes Foot definition and programming.
3 How to use AT89S51 is suitable for single-chip learning board, electronic clock, ultrasonic range finder and other circuits that do not need to collect analog and control high-power external components. The difference between S51 and the past C51 is that S51 supports ISP online programming, that is, C51 requires several hundred yuan of programmer programming, while S51 only needs a 25-pin parallel port and very simple conversion circuit to connect to the desktop printer interface burning program. , download the burning program small software that can be used to program the S51 microcontroller. For the 51 single-chip programming, Keil software is generally used. C language or assembly language can be used. After programming, select the output HEX file, then use the small program to read the HEX file and then burn it to the MCU.
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